FATS
These foods consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, but in this case the hydrogen and oxygen are not in the same proportions as in water.
Fats are divided into two groups:— Animal fat. Vegetable fat.
Animal fat is found in dairy produce—milk, cheese, butter, eggs— and in meat, bacon, and oily fish, for example, herring, cod and halibut.
Vegetable fat is found in margarine where vitamins A and D are added and in nuts, for example, groundnuts and hazelnuts.
Functions of Fats in the Body:—
1. To produce energy and heat.
2. To support certain organs of the body, for example, the
kidneys and the eyes.
3. To transport the fat soluble vitamins, which are A, D, E, and
K.
4. Fat is necessary for the nerve sheaths, for the cholesterol in
the bile, and the secretions of the sebaceous glands in the skin.
VITAMINS
Vitamins are chemical compounds which are essential for health. They are not eaten as such in the diet but are found widely dispersed in the food which is eaten. They are divided into two main groups:— Fat soluble vitamins which are A, D, E, and K. Water soluble, which are B complex, C, and P. Fat Soluble Vitamins Vitamin A. This vitamin is found in such foods as cream, egg yolk, fish oil, milk, cheese and butter. It can be formed in the body from certain carotenes of which the main dietary sources are green vegetables and carrots. Vitamin A is only absorbed from the small intestine satisfactorily, if fat absorption is normal. Functions of Vitamin A It influences the nutrition of epithelial cells, thus tending to reduce the incidence and severity of micro-organism infection. Because of this, it is sometimes known as the anti-infective vitamin. It is necessary for the regeneration of the visual purple in the retina of the eye which encourages rapid adaptation in the dark. It is necessary to maintain the cornea of the eye in a healthy state. Vitamin D„, sometimes termed the antirachitic vitamin. This vitamin is found mainly in animal fats such as eggs, butter, cheese, cod and halibut liver oils. Man and animals can synthesise Vitamin D3 as a result of the action of the ultra-violet rays of the sun on a form of cholesterol in the skin known as 7-dehydrocholesterol. Calciferol (Vitamin Dj) is used widely in therapeutics, but occurs very rarely in nature. Functions of Vitamin D. This is the vitamin which regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism and so is associated with the calcification of bones and teeth. Vitamin £ or Tocopherol. The sources of this vitamin are peanuts, lettuce, egg yolk, wheat germ, whole cereal, milk and butter. Lack of this vitamin in animals causes failure in reproduction, but there is no conclusive proof that the same holds good for human beings. Functions of Vitamin E. This is not clearly understood, but it may affect protein metabolism and help to maintain healthy connective tissue. Vitamin K. The sources of vitamin K are fish, green leaves, liver, fruit, alfalfa and spinnach. Vitamin K is synthesised in the intestinal tract by bacterial action. If it is ingested as the already formed vitamin, bile salts must be present in the small intestine before it can be absorbed. Functions of Vitamin K. Vitamin K is necessary for the formation of prothrombin by the liver. Prothrombin, in turn, is necessary for the coagulation of blood. Water Soluble Vitamins. Vitamin B Complex. This comprises a group of water soluble vitamins which are more or less closely associated. Thiamine or Aneurin or Vitamin Bx. This vitamin is present in the germ of cereals, nuts, yeast, egg yolk, liver and legumes. Functions in the Body. It is essential for the normal carbohydrate metabolism. It stimulates appetite. It helps to regulate the normal functioning of the nervous system. It helps generally in the control of the water balance of the body. Riboflavin. This is found in yeast, leafy vegetables, milk, liver, eggs, kidney, cheese, roe. Functions in the Body. It is concerned with the oxidation of all foods. It is associated in some way with the mechanism of vision. It is necessary for the growth of all tissues in man and animals. Folic Acid. This is found in liver, kidney, fresh deeply green vegetables and yeast. Functions in the Body. It is associated with the maturation of the red blood cells. Nicotinic Acid. This is found in liver, cheese, yeast, whole cereal, eggs, fish, peanuts and bemax. Functions in the Body. 1. It is necessary for the metabolism of carbohydrates. It is necessary for the normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. It is required for the satisfactory functioning of the nervous system. Pyridoxine. This is found in egg yolk, peas, beans, soya bean, yeast, meat, liver. Functions in the Body. It is believed to be necessary for satisfactory protein metabolism. Cyanocobalamin, Cytamen or Vitamin B,.,. This is found in liver and fermented liquors. Functions in the Body. It is necessary for the satisfactory maturation of the red blood cells. Vitamin C and Vitamin P. These two vitamins are closely associated with each other, and their functions in the body are more or less similar. They are found in fresh fruit, especially blackcurrants, oranges, lemons, also in rose-hips and green vegetables. Functions of Vitamin C. and P. 1. They are necessary for the maintainance of the strength of the walls of the blood capillaries. They are necessary for healthy bones and teeth. They are necessary for the formation of red blood cells. They assist in some way with the production of antibodies.
VITAMINS
Vitamins are chemical compounds which are essential for health. They are not eaten as such in the diet but are found widely dispersed in the food which is eaten. They are divided into two main groups:— Fat soluble vitamins which are A, D, E, and K. Water soluble, which are B complex, C, and P. Fat Soluble Vitamins Vitamin A. This vitamin is found in such foods as cream, egg yolk, fish oil, milk, cheese and butter. It can be formed in the body from certain carotenes of which the main dietary sources are green vegetables and carrots. Vitamin A is only absorbed from the small intestine satisfactorily, if fat absorption is normal. Functions of Vitamin A It influences the nutrition of epithelial cells, thus tending to reduce the incidence and severity of micro-organism infection. Because of this, it is sometimes known as the anti-infective vitamin. It is necessary for the regeneration of the visual purple in the retina of the eye which encourages rapid adaptation in the dark. It is necessary to maintain the cornea of the eye in a healthy state. Vitamin D„, sometimes termed the antirachitic vitamin. This vitamin is found mainly in animal fats such as eggs, butter, cheese, cod and halibut liver oils. Man and animals can synthesise Vitamin D3 as a result of the action of the ultra-violet rays of the sun on a form of cholesterol in the skin known as 7-dehydrocholesterol. Calciferol (Vitamin Dj) is used widely in therapeutics, but occurs very rarely in nature. Functions of Vitamin D. This is the vitamin which regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism and so is associated with the calcification of bones and teeth. Vitamin £ or Tocopherol. The sources of this vitamin are peanuts, lettuce, egg yolk, wheat germ, whole cereal, milk and butter. Lack of this vitamin in animals causes failure in reproduction, but there is no conclusive proof that the same holds good for human beings. Functions of Vitamin E. This is not clearly understood, but it may affect protein metabolism and help to maintain healthy connective tissue. Vitamin K. The sources of vitamin K are fish, green leaves, liver, fruit, alfalfa and spinnach. Vitamin K is synthesised in the intestinal tract by bacterial action. If it is ingested as the already formed vitamin, bile salts must be present in the small intestine before it can be absorbed. Functions of Vitamin K. Vitamin K is necessary for the formation of prothrombin by the liver. Prothrombin, in turn, is necessary for the coagulation of blood. Water Soluble Vitamins. Vitamin B Complex. This comprises a group of water soluble vitamins which are more or less closely associated. Thiamine or Aneurin or Vitamin Bx. This vitamin is present in the germ of cereals, nuts, yeast, egg yolk, liver and legumes. Functions in the Body. It is essential for the normal carbohydrate metabolism. It stimulates appetite. It helps to regulate the normal functioning of the nervous system. It helps generally in the control of the water balance of the body. Riboflavin. This is found in yeast, leafy vegetables, milk, liver, eggs, kidney, cheese, roe. Functions in the Body. It is concerned with the oxidation of all foods. It is associated in some way with the mechanism of vision. It is necessary for the growth of all tissues in man and animals. Folic Acid. This is found in liver, kidney, fresh deeply green vegetables and yeast. Functions in the Body. It is associated with the maturation of the red blood cells. Nicotinic Acid. This is found in liver, cheese, yeast, whole cereal, eggs, fish, peanuts and bemax. Functions in the Body. 1. It is necessary for the metabolism of carbohydrates. It is necessary for the normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. It is required for the satisfactory functioning of the nervous system. Pyridoxine. This is found in egg yolk, peas, beans, soya bean, yeast, meat, liver. Functions in the Body. It is believed to be necessary for satisfactory protein metabolism. Cyanocobalamin, Cytamen or Vitamin B,.,. This is found in liver and fermented liquors. Functions in the Body. It is necessary for the satisfactory maturation of the red blood cells. Vitamin C and Vitamin P. These two vitamins are closely associated with each other, and their functions in the body are more or less similar. They are found in fresh fruit, especially blackcurrants, oranges, lemons, also in rose-hips and green vegetables. Functions of Vitamin C. and P. 1. They are necessary for the maintainance of the strength of the walls of the blood capillaries. They are necessary for healthy bones and teeth. They are necessary for the formation of red blood cells. They assist in some way with the production of antibodies.